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The easy way to eradicate poverty Monday 6 March 2017 03.00 EST Why do poor people make so many bad decisions? It’s a harsh question, but look at the data: poor people borrow more, save less, smoke more, exercise less, drink more and eat less healthily. Why? Margaret Thatcher once called poverty a “personality defect”. Though not many would go quite so far, the view that there’s something wrong with poor people is not exceptional. To be honest, it was how I thought for a long time. It was only a few years ago that I discovered that everything I thought I knew about poverty was wrong. It all started when I accidently stumbled on a paper by a few American psychologists. They had travelled 8,000 miles, to India, to carry out an experiment with sugar cane farmers. These farmers collect about 60% of their annual income all at once, right after the harvest. This means they are relatively poor one part of the year and rich the other. The researchers asked the farmers to do an IQ test before ترجمه مطبوعاتی 2-متن اول...

MEANING AND SCOPE OF POLITICAL SCIENCE   Jean Bodin (1530 – 1596) a French political philosopher coined the term “Political Science”. Political science is a branch of social science. The study of Political science is of great significance and importance in the present day Global village. Political Science is the study of the state. According to Gaer, Political science begins and ends with the state. It may be defined as the study of man in the process of goveing himself. According to Catlin, politics means either activities of political life or the study of those activities, which are generally treated as activities of the various organs of govement. According to Gilchrist, political science deals with general problems of the state and govement. The great Greek political philosopher, Aristotle (384 – 322 B.C.) was the first thinker to use the term ‘politics’. The term “Politics” is derived from the Greek word ‘Polis’ which means city – state. Polis or city – state was a smal ترجمه مطبوعاتی 2-متن اول...

Halti plan halted: Norway will not gift mountain top to neighbour Finland Agence France-Presse Friday 14 October 2016  The Norwegian govement has resisted public pressure to offer a mountain summit to neighbouring Finland as part of its independence centenary celebrations. As a present to their Finnish neighbours, celebrating their independence since 1917, a group of Norwegians had proposed giving them the peak of the 1,361-metre (4,465-foot) high Mount Halti. The gift would have been a neat way of correcting a geographical incongruity, as the Finnish border in the area is situated most of the way up the mountainside at an altitude of 1,324 metres. A Facebook campaign to hand over the immovable present gaered 17,000 signatures. But a legal roadbump brought the friendly scheme tumbling down, halting the Halti plan. “This creative proposal has received a very positive response from the public,” Norwegian Prime Minister Ea Solberg said in a letter received on Friday by the major of ترجمه مطبوعاتی 2-متن اول...

Nationalism Nationalism is a belief, creed or political ideology that involves an individual identifying with, or becoming attached to, one's nation. Nationalism involves national identity, by contrast with the related construct of patriotism, which involves the social conditioning and personal behaviors that support a state's decisions and actions.  From a psychological perspective, nationalism (national attachment) is distinct from other types of attachment, for example, attachment to a religion or a romantic partner. The desire for interpersonal attachment, or the need to belong, is one of the most fundamental human motivations. Like any attachment, nationalism can become dysfunctional if excessively applied.  From a political or sociological perspective, there are two main perspectives on the origins and basis of nationalism. One is the primordialist perspective that describes nationalism as a reflection of the ancient and perceived evolutionary tendency of humans to organize int ترجمه مطبوعاتی 2-متن اول...

The Salesman wins best foreign language Oscar Protest vote against Donald Trump’s travel ban suspected to be partly behind Iranian director Asghar Farhadi’s surprise victory Catherine Shoard Sunday 26 February 2017 21.58 EST Iranian director Asghar Farhadi has won the best foreign language Oscar in Los Angeles, for a second time, for domestic drama The Salesman. Farhadi, 44, did not attend the ceremony because he said that the conditions that would be attached to a potential entry visa were unacceptable. The director had originally planned to travel to Hollywood for the prize-giving to highlight “the unjust circumstances that have arisen for the immigrants and travellers of several countries to the United States”. The surge in votes for his film was thought by some to be a registration by Oscar voters of a protest against Donald Trump’s travel ban, which aimed to prevent people coming to the US from seven Muslim-majority countries. On Sunday evening in London, a free screening of The ترجمه مطبوعاتی 2-متن اول...

Democracy   In the dictionary definition, democracy “is govement by the people in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised directly by them or by their elected agents under a free electoral system.” In the words of Abraham Lincoln, democracy is a govement “of the people, by the people, and for the people.” There is no clear – cut, universal definition of democracy. Most definitions of democracy focus on qualities, procedures, and institutions. There are many types of democracy and their varied practices produce similarly varied effects. Democracy comes from the Greek words demos meaning ‘people’ and kratos meaning ‘authority’ or ‘power.’ “…govement which is conducted with the freely given consent of people.” “…a system of govement in which supreme authority lies with the people.” “Rule by the people in a country directly or by representation.” “The form of govement in which political control exercised by all the people, either directly or through their e ترجمه مطبوعاتی 2-متن اول...